The invention relates to an assembled bridge structure. The assembled bridge structure includes a top board; the top board is laid on the tops of concrete beams; the concrete beams are H-shaped beams;top supporting protective plates are arranged on two sides of top beam surfaces and supporting columns; bottom supporting protective plates are arranged between adjacent concrete beams; and a bottomboard is fixed on the bottoms of the concrete beams through bolts. The invention also discloses an assembled bridge construction method. The top supporting protective plates and the bottom supportingprotective plates can make the assembled bridge structure more firm, the whole durability of the assembled bridge is improved, the project cost is reduced, and an energy-saving and environment-friendly effect can be achieved.