The present invention relates to a ring spinning machine and a spinning method using a ring spinning machine. The ring spinning machine has a frame, a drafting device and a gathering mechanism arranged on the frame, a yarn carrier, an air ring and a spinning ring, and spindles carrying spinning spindles and a spindle driving mechanism. The invention is characterized in that the frame has the following structure (21). The components, that is, the yarn guide (25), the balloon ring (26) and the spinning ring (27) are fixedly connected with the structure and carry the said The spindle (28) and thespindle track (211) of the spindle drive mechanism are vertically movably mounted on the structure (21).