A lead hole open caisson structure without affecting the surrounding environment is characterized in that the lead hole open caisson structure comprises circular, or square, or rectangular reinforcedconcrete members which are upwards connected and poured through sections and can be controlled and sunken along slurry holes formed by a certain distance in a soil layer; the members are provided withblade feet of reinforced concrete or steel plates, and the blade feet are provided with annular water spraying systems; the inner sides of the members are coated with antifriction agents, the outer sides of the members are coated with waterproof layers, and the exteriors of the waterproof layers are coated with antifriction agents; reinforced cast-in-place concrete piles, or precast piles or pipepiles are arranged on the outer sides of the members, and the members and the piles are connected through brackets; waterproof curtains are arranged on the peripheries of the members; a cement-soil consolidation waterstop is arranged in the soil layer below the members; and the annular water spraying systems are water spraying pipes provided with spraying ports at the front ends of the edge footsteel plates in a welded mode. Compared with an existing open caisson, the lead hole open caisson structure can be used in coastal soft-soil-foundation urban downtown areas in China and has the advantages of being small in required construction site, simple in construction equipment, high in construction speed, low in project cost, capable of controlling and balancing peripheral land subsidence during construction and the like.