The invention discloses an annular valve plate type downhole safety device. The device comprises a main body, an upper cover located at the upper portion of the main body and a lower cover located atthe lower portion of the main body; the main body is provided with a hollow channel and an inner sealing insertion pipe penetrating through the hollow channel, the top of the inner sealing insertion pipe is used for being communicated with an oil pumping pipe, and the bottom of the inner sealing insertion pipe is used for being communicated with a pump cylinder at the bottom of a pipe column of anoil pipe; an inner hole formed in the inner sealing insertion pipe forms an independent conveying channel between the pump cylinder and the oil pumping pipe. The device relates to but is not limitedto offshore oil extraction technologies; by means of the device, the defects existing in the prior art can be effectively overcome, and downhole fluid can still be controlled to return when an oil pumping rod or a small oil pipe is placed in the oil pipe.