The invention discloses a stratum structure three-dimensional imaging construction device for a drilling digital and virtual rock core. A probe depth counting pulley is installed on a lifting line frame, an output shaft of a motor drives a take-up and pay-off disc to rotate, one end of a cable is connected to a cable conversion node of the take-up and pay-off disc, the signal input end of a drilling image track measuring probe of an on-site imaging host is electrically connected with one end of the cable through the cable conversion node of the take-up and pay-off disc, the cable is wound around the take-up and pay-off disc and is controlled to be taken up and paid off of through the take-up and pay-off disc, the cable is taken up and paid off on the depth counting pulley, the take-up andpay-off cable length of the cable is recorded, the output end of the depth counting pulley is connected with the depth feedback signal input end of the on-site imaging host, the motor control signal output end of the on-site imaging host is connected with the input end of the motor, and the signal output end of the drilling imaging track measuring probe is connected with the other end of the cable. A drilling picture recording image, a drilling digital and virtual rock core two-dimensional image and a drilling three-dimensional track chart can be automatically generated in real time.