The invention discloses a rapid identification and analysis method of aromatic hydrocarbon-series biomarkers in a crude oil sample, wherein the method comprises the steps: step 1, weighing an appropriate amount of the crude oil sample; step 2, adding a reagent to the crude oil sample to obtain a crude oil detection solution; step 3, filling a sample bottle with the crude oil detection solution, putting the sample bottle into an ultrasonic cleaner, and carrying out full oscillation; step 4, putting the sample bottle into a centrifuge, and carrying out centrifugal separation; and step 5, carrying out gas chromatography-mass spectrometry GC/MS analysis of the crude oil detection solution after centrifugal separation. According to the rapid identification and analysis method of the aromatic hydrocarbon-series biomarkers in the crude oil sample, the crude oil sample has no need for treatment by a chromatographic column and can be subjected to instrument analysis, so operation steps are simplified, the amount of the reagent is reduced, the analytical process is shortened, analytical data can be provided as soon as possible, and the method is suitable for emergencies.