The invention relates to the field of identification of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and in particular, relates to a characteristic protein combination for identifying fresh cordyceps sinensis; the characteristic protein combination is characterized by being selected from A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 or A6, or any combination thereof. According to the protein combination, a sample is pretreatedand then is determined by a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry LC-MS molecular screening technique, and chromatographic conditions comprise that a chromatographic column is Sepax Bio-C4, a filling agent is tetraalkyl silane bonded silica gel, a mobile phase A is 0.1% formic acid-water and a mobile phase B is 0.1% rormic acid-acetonitrile, gradient elution is adopted, and a molecular scanningmode is an SIM mode. The results show that compared with the prior art, the characteristic protein combination has the following advantages and beneficial effects: 6 kinds of characteristic proteins of cordyceps sinensis are obtained by using the LC-MS screening molecular technology for the first time, the screening molecular specificity is high, the characteristic proteins are applied in identification of authenticity of cordyceps sinensis finally, and the atlas results are intuitive clear, accurate and reliable and can provide reference for the quality control of cordyceps sinensis.