The invention discloses a fishery tracking buoy satellite positioning anti-theft device which comprises a buoy, a digital signal processing unit, a database memory, an ocean hydrology database and a mode modification database. The buoy includes a shell, a power module, a global satellite positioning receiver and a satellite communication transceiver and a crystal oscillator. The database memory stores information of the ocean hydrology database and the mode modification database. The global satellite positioning receiver transmits latitude and longitude information of the buoy to the digital signal processing unit. The digital signal processing unit collects latitude and longitude and UTC (universal time coordinated) data and judges whether the position of a fishery tracking buoy is normalor not with the combination of data processing and calculation in the ocean hydrology database and the mode modification database, when the fishery tracking buoy is judged to be abnormal, an alarm signal is sent to a workboat or fishing control center via the satellite communication transceiver, the theft and loss of the buoy are prevented, the normal working of the buoy is ensured, and the fishing efficiency is ensured and improved.