The invention discloses a tomography method based on combination of traveling times of seismic first arrival waves and reflection waves. The tomography method is characterized by comprising the following steps: acquiring traveling time information of first arrival waves and reflection waves; establishing an initial speed model; performing ray tracking on the first arrival waves and the reflectionwaves according to a given initial speed model, and acquiring calculated traveling times and ray routes from different cannons to different receiving points; forming inversion equation groups according to the traveling time information and traveling time differences and the ray routes, and dissolving the inversion equation groups so as to obtain an updated depth model; and repeating the steps tillan updated depth model meets precision requirements. Due to addition of the reflection waves, a relatively accurate speed model is obtained through tomography, a relatively wide ray covering range isachieved, and relatively clear speed boundaries of different layers are achieved.