The invention discloses a roller die and a pipe jacking machine. The roller die comprises a die frame (10) and multiple roller assemblies (5). The die frame (10) is of an annular structure. The rollerassemblies (5) are fixed into the die frame (10). Each roller assembly (5) comprises a roller (50) and a roller shaft (51). The roller shafts (51) of the multiple roller assemblies (5) are arranged in a regular polygon shape. Key slots (11) are arranged in the edges of the left side and the right side of the die frame (10). The forming directions of the key slots (11) are perpendicular to the rolling center line of the roller die. The roller die and the pipe jacking machine are simple in structure and convenient and fast to mount; and the inclined face side wall of a lathe bed of the pipe jacking machine is beneficial to automatic alignment of the rolling center line of the roller die, locating can be achieved when falling in is achieved, and the lathe bed is tightly fastened by a press plate.