The invention relates to an energy-saving and environment-friendly micro-emulsified synthetic diesel fuel comprising synthetic base oil, a microemulsifier, a catalyst, a waterborne composite emulsifier oil, glycerol, a composite antioxidant, a stabilizer, a dispersing agent, an ash-free friction modifier, a conditioner, a cetane additive, a pour point depressant, an anti-foaming agent and an organic solvent. Due to the adoption of a reasonable ratio and a low pour point of each component in the technical scheme, the energy-saving and environment-friendly micro-emulsified synthetic diesel fuelis high in viscosity index, high in fuel economy, relatively good in high temperature oxidation resistance, anti-shearing stability and low-temperature flowability, good in biodegradability and capable of reducing hazards to environments; due to the adoption of the composite antioxidant, the poisoning of the catalyst in a tail gas treatment device can be avoided; due to the addition of the ash-free friction modifier, the energy-saving and environment-friendly micro-emulsified synthetic diesel fuel has the characteristics that the friction coefficient is low, the bearing capacity of an oil filmis high, a worn surface can be self-repaired, and the service life of an engine can be prolonged.