The invention discloses an efficient riverway cleaning plant which comprises a first sliding connection rod and a second sliding connection rod. A sliding connection piece is connected to the front side face of the second sliding connection rod in a sliding connection fit manner, a cleaning device is arranged on the front side face of the sliding connection piece, a first sliding connection grooveis formed in the front side face of the sliding connection piece, a guide connecting rod extending up and down is arranged in the first sliding connection groove, a spiral hole extending downwards isarranged at the position, in the inner bottom face of the first sliding connection groove, of the front side of the guide connecting rod, and a protruding head extending into the first sliding connection groove and connected with the guide connecting rod in a sliding connection fit manner is arranged at the edge of the top of the back side face of the cleaning device; and a first cavity part is arranged inside the cleaning device, a first sliding connection block is connected to the interior of the first cavity part in a sliding connection fit manner, a vertical movement device is arranged inthe top face of the interior of the first cavity part, and the bottom of the vertical movement device is connected with the top of the first sliding connection block in a matched manner. The efficient riverway cleaning plant is simple in structure and convenient to operate, vertical movement work automatic switching and adjustment and cleaning driving work automatic switching and adjustment can be achieved, the cleaning stability is good, and the cleaning quality and the cleaning efficiency are improved.