The invention provides a three-component seismic signal polarization analysis method and system. The method includes determining a time window containing a target wave field based on a three-componentseismic record and acquiring time window data; based on the time window data, acquiring the centre-of-gravity position of a mass point in a three-dimensional space; based on the time window data andthe centre-of-gravity position, acquiring a space linear equation coefficient; and based on the space linear equation coefficient, acquiring a polarization vector, wherein the three-component seismicrecord includes an X component, a Y component and a Z component. According to the invention, the mass point track of three-component seismic waves is projected to the three-dimensional space, and through a linear fitting algorithm and least square estimation, quick and direct acquisition of the polarization vector is realized.