The present invention provides a microbiological treatment method for sweeps mainly composed of waste produced by fireworks and crackers. Through pretreatment, pulping, microbiological treatment and impurity separation steps, pulp with high quality, liquid waste rich in metallic elements such as aluminum, copper and magnesium, and waste residue with a lower content of heavy metal are obtained. According to the sweeps produced by fireworks and crackers, contents of unburned active metal and the heavy metal inhibiting microbial activity are few, so that variation of the solution pH value duringan extraction process of the method is little, microbial reaction can be performed continuously and efficiently, and therefore the whole technological process is shortened, and microbiological leaching efficiency is improved. The method is simple in technology and low in cost, the produced water waster is little, recovery rate is high, and leaching rates of cooper, aluminum and magnesium can reachmore than 70% up to 100%.