The invention relates to a farmland environment monitoring system. The farmland environment monitoring system comprises a base, a rotary driving gear, a lead screw sleeve, a driven gear ring, a lifting nut seat, a hollow pyramid-shaped top head, a guiding protecting sleeve, an upper end cover, a reset spring, a folding elastic sleeve, a clamping sleeve and a bearing, wherein the base is pre-buriedunder a farmland plough layer, the rotary driving gear is arranged on the base, the lead screw sleeve is arranged on the base in a rotation manner, the driven gear ring sleeves the lower part of thelead screw sleeve and is meshed with the rotary driving gear, the lifting nut seat is arranged at the upper part of the lead screw sleeve, the hollow pyramid-shaped top head is arranged above the lifting nut seat, the guiding protecting sleeve is vertically arranged on one side of the base, the upper end cover is arranged at the top of a central hole of the pyramid-shaped top head, the reset spring is arranged between the root of the upper end cover and the inner side wall of the central hole of the pyramid-shaped top head, the folding elastic sleeve is arranged between the outer side wall ofthe upper part of the lifting nut seat and the outer side wall of the bottom of the base, the clamping sleeve is arranged at the upper end of the folding elastic sleeve, and the bearing is arranged between the clamping sleeve and the lifting nut seat. The farmland environment monitoring system is reasonable in design, compact in structure and convenient to use.