The invention provides a distribution transformer running state monitoring system. The system herein includes a voltage and current converting unit, a temperature detection unit, a power supply unit,a backup power supply management unit, a lithium battery pack, a GSM communication unit, a clock unit, a master controller and an alarm unit. The power supply unit, the backup power supply managementunit and the lithium battery pack provide DC working power to respective units. The master controller compares the voltage, current and temperature signal parameters that are read by the voltage current converting unit and the temperature detection unit with set parameters so as to determine whether the set parameters are exceeded. The master controller, based on the comparison result that exceedsthe set parameters, transmits signals to the GSM communication unit and the alarm unit. The GSM communication unit, based on the signal that is received, transmits a corresponding short message alert. According to the invention, the system has the following beneficial advantages that workers can in-timely get to know the working state of the distribution transformer and performs in-time check upon the distribution transformer that exceeds the set parameters and a load circuit thereof.