The invention provides a fuel building hydrogen control experiment bench and a fuel building hydrogen control method. The fuel building hydrogen control experiment bench comprises a fuel building simulated body, a fuel assembly simulated body, a gas injection system, a water injection system, a spraying system, a cooling circuit and a measurement control system, wherein the fuel building simulatedbody comprises an upper house body and a spent fuel pool; helium, steam and air are distributed in simulated distribution in the upper house body; and the gas injection system comprises a helium supply component and a steam generator. According to the fuel building hydrogen control experiment bench and the fuel building hydrogen control method provided by the invention, a small-scale experiment platform is utilized, hydrogen distribution characteristics in the fuel building are subjected to experimental study under serious accident conditions of a nuclear power plant with partial water loss and total water loss, key experimental data is acquired, and hydrogen risk is well controlled.