The invention provides a cable based on patterned graphene nano-belts and a preparation method for the cable. The cable is sequentially provided with a conductive core, an insulating layer, a shielding layer, a waterproof layer and a sheath from the inside to the outside. The conductive core is made of multiply graphene nano-belts, and the graphene nano-belts are patterned. The thickness of the shielding layer, the thickness of the waterproof layer and the thickness of the sheath progressively increase from the inside to the outside. The thickness of the insulating layer is greater than the sum of the thickness of the shielding layer and the thickness of the waterproof layer. The patterned graphene nano-belts are passivated through hydrogen atoms. The conductive core in the cable is used for the transmission of a current, and the carrier mobility of the conductive core can be effectively improved, and the conductivity of the conductor is greatly reduced, thereby reducing the power consumption.