A method and a device for video encoding and decoding, and a method for generating and storing a bit stream are disclosed. The video decoding method includes: receiving a bit stream including predetermined information indicating whether residual block information is encoded; determining whether the residual block information of a target block based on the predetermined information exists; and under the condition that the residual block information exists, generating the target block based on an intra-frame prediction value and the residual block information. Therefore, according to screen similarity, encoding and decoding efficiency can be improved by performing encoding and decoding of screen residual data only for a target block which requires a residual data block.