Embodiments of the invention provide an uplink non-orthogonal scheduling-free method and device. The method comprises the following steps that a base station groups multiple access resources and configures to obtain at least two groups of multiple-access resource pools, wherein at least some multiple access resources in the at least two groups of multiple access resource pools are different; and the base station informs the at least two groups of the multiple access resource pools obtained by configuration to the terminal, and the terminal selects a used multiple access resource pool from theat least two groups of multiple access resource pools. Through adoption of multiple access resource grouping and multiplexing, the interference of adjacent cells is reduced, so that the available multiple access resources cannot be reduced, and a large amount of signaling loads cannot be generated.