The invention belongs to the technical field of bridge building engineering technology and specifically relates to a method for improving the anti-seismic performance of arched structures of large-span, top-support arch bridges during construction. The method comprises following steps: selecting target pillars: through the calculation of the bridge structure, the pillars that need to improve the anti-seismic performance are obtained as the target pillars; B. selecting stabilization components: through the bridge structure calculation, a connection position at the other end of a cable is obtained as a stabilization component; C. arranging cables: one end of the cable is connected to the target pillar and the other end is connected to the stabilizer. D. pre-tightening the cable: the cable arranged in step C is tightened. In the method of the present application, the target pillar is changed from a cantilever structure to a structure with an elastic support at the top. When subjected to seismic forces, the root bending moment and the pier top displacement of the target pillar are significantly reduced. It can significantly reduce the damage of the target column, effectively reduce thedamage of the column on the arch, prevent collapse of the column on the arch, and make the seismic design more reasonable.