The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical-structure dynamic model test and discloses an earth-rock dam earthquake damage model test method. The method comprises the following steps:carrying out model similitude design according to requirements for similarity rate of earth-rock dam model test; preparing a test model; carrying out white noise micro-seismic test on a model dam, and determining natural frequency of vibration of the model dam; then, selecting a group of time similarity scales, carrying out compression on site design earthquake waves and obtaining earthquake waves in the same amplitude and different spectral characteristics under different time similarity scales; carrying out vibration test, and selecting time similarity scales of the earthquake waves in theearthquake damage test; and under the condition of different acceleration amplitudes, carrying out earthquake damage vibration test on the model dam, increasing the earthquake wave acceleration amplitudes from small to big and testing acceleration response and displacement response of the dam until the dam is damaged by the earthquake. The method provides a scientific and feasible model test method for the study, which cannot be realized in the prior art, of earthquake collapse damage problem of a high earth-rock dam structure.