The invention discloses a deep blind hole housing body rapid measurement device and measurement and compensation machining methods. The device comprises a base, wherein the base is arranged to be coaxial with a machine tool main shaft. The rear end of the base is embedded into the machine tool main shaft. The front end of the base is provided with a mounting cover. A cavity structure is formed bythe mounting cover at the front end of the base. An electric conduction plate is arranged at the front end of an inner cavity of the mounting cover. The middle of the mounting cover and the middle ofthe electric conduction plate are each provided with a through hole, wherein the through holes allow a probe to penetrate. The rear end of the probe penetrates the mounting cover and the electric conduction plate and extends into a moving plate, wherein the moving plate is mounted in the inner cavity of the mounting cover. The front end face of the moving plate is attached to the rear end face ofthe electric conduction plate. The rear end of the moving plate is provided with a spring. A spring locating table is arranged in the middle of the base. One end of the spring is connected with the rear end of the moving plate, and the other end of the spring is connected with the spring locating table. The electric conduction plate and the moving plate are in series connection with a diode through wires. The output end of the diode is connected with a machine tool control circuit. According to the deep blind hole housing body rapid measurement device and the measurement and compensation machining methods, rapid measurement of a housing body is achieved through a photoelectric measurement device; and the compensation machining method is achieved through post-processing of measurement data.