A method for measuring the early elastic modulus of concrete comprises the following steps: stirring concrete raw materials according to a corresponding ratio, pouring the obtained mixture into an accommodating space to form a test piece, and keeping the upper surface of the test piece exposed to simulate temperature and humidity influences generated by environmental factors; respectively inserting temperature sensors into trisection points of the middle part of the test piece and the temperature measuring hole of an environmental box, and placing a humidity sensor in the environmental box; mounting a displacement sensor at the middle part of the test piece, and fixing the displacement sensor by a positioning tool to keep the position constant; setting the corresponding temperature, humidity and constraint parameters of the environmental box on a software test interface to stimulate the real environment, dismounting the positioning tool after the concrete is finally set, starting to test, applying load data in corresponding ages according to a table in the description, and measuring the displacement data of the concrete; and calculating the elastic modulus in different ages by using a formula according to measured test piece strain. The early elastic modulus of the concrete under actual environment condition change development conditions can be tested through the method.