The invention provides a method and device for identifying and marking power consumer types, and a central server. The method comprises: customer information recorded by a smart electricity meter is collected and the customer information is organized to generate a power consumption data set; power consumption information of all customers in a first preset time period is extracted in the power consumption data set; a standard power consumption characteristic value is calculated; in the power consumption data set, power consumption information of all customers in a second preset time period is extracted; an individual power consumption characteristic value is calculated; the individual power consumption characteristic value is compared with the standard power consumption characteristic value; if the individual power consumption characteristic value of a specific customer is larger than the standard power consumption characteristic value, the specific customer is determined to be specialcustomer and is numbered with a special identifier; the customer identifier with the special identifier is added to a special customer list, so that the power supply department can inquire the list and pay attention to the special customer well. Therefore, the supervision force and management level of electricity consumption behaviors of customers are improved.