The invention relates to a network robustness enhancing method based on virtual tree mapping and centrality, which includes the following steps: mapping multiple virtual networks with a tree topologyto the same physical network to obtain an approximate topology structure, selecting a network centrality index to be calculated, and setting a centrality weighting function and a centrality weightingfunction threshold; acquiring the topology attribute of a current node to be identified, calculating the network centrality index based on the topology attribute, calculating the centrality weightingfunction value, comparing the centrality weighting function value with the centrality weighting function threshold, and finding out key nodes; and determining the protection level of each key node based on the virtual tree mapping, the centrality index and a protection level quantification function, and implementing corresponding protection measures according to the protection level.