The invention discloses a method for identifying a target object based on an unmanned aerial vehicle. The method for identifying the target object based on the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises the following steps: the unmanned aerial vehicle obtains image data information and/or video data information on the scene; the unmanned aerial vehicle confirms a plurality of target objects; the unmanned aerial vehicle sorts the plurality of target objects according to a priority order; the unmanned aerial vehicle locates the target object with the highest priority to obtain the location data information of the target object with the highest priority; the unmanned aerial vehicle tracks the target object with the highest priority according to the location data information; and the unmanned aerial vehicle jets an identification object to the target object with the highest priority to identify. According to the method for identifying the target object based on the unmanned aerial vehicle, the target is identified through the identification object, therefore, even if the target object breaks away from the monitoring area, the suspect can be judged and the stolen goods can be searched only by tracking and identifying the identification object because the target object carries the identification object; therefore, the safety and protection performance of major factory buildings is greatly improved, and the major factory buildings have the characteristic of high safety performance.