The invention relates to a photovoltaic module outdoor test system and method. An IV online tester corresponding to a photovoltaic module is connected to a micro inverter corresponding to the photovoltaic module, and the micro inverter corresponding to the photovoltaic module is connected to an energy metering device corresponding to the photovoltaic module. A meteorological data acquisition device is connected to a first protocol converter. An adjustable frame controller corresponding to the photovoltaic module is connected to a second protocol converter. The energy metering device corresponding to the photovoltaic module is connected to a third protocol converter. A switch is connected to the first protocol converter, the second protocol converter and the third protocol converter. The switch is connected to an upper testing machine. The energy metering device is connected to an AC combining box and a power grid in order. The long-term monitoring of the outdoor performance of the photovoltaic module is realized, test data including module surface temperature, component I-V characteristics, irradiance, cumulative generated energy and the like is automatically obtained, and the online testing of the long-term reliability of the power generation state of the module is achieved.