The invention discloses a semi-arid region aspen anti-drought afforestation method. The method includes the following steps of firstly, preparing a land, wherein soil is turned over comprehensively inautumn and winter by the depth of 30-40 cm, planting pits with the length, width and depth being 80 cm*80 cm*(80-100) cm are dug after the land is raked flat before afforestation in spring of the second year, and the planting spacing of aspen is 2 m*2 m or 2 m*3 m; secondly, lifting seedlings and conveying the seedlings, wherein the seedlings are adjusted nearby, the seedlings are planted instantly after being lifted or planted in the current day; thirdly, conducting transplanting; fourthly, conducting management, wherein after the seedlings are planted, the young forest tending and protecting are reinforced, and the timely intertilling and weeding, fertilizer applying and irrigating, disease and insect pest preventing, forest fire disaster preventing and artificial damage preventing areconducted. The method is high in practicability, low in manufacturing cost and suitable for semi-arid region aspen afforestation and can effectively improve the water utilization efficiency and remarkably improve the afforestation survival rate.