The invention discloses a temporary negative pressure blood sampling device. The temporary negative pressure blood sampling device comprises a sampling needle, a hose and a suction blood drainage connector, wherein the suction blood drainage connector comprises a blood inlet, a needle orifice, a blind shaft hole, a suction orifice communicated with the blind shaft hole, and an air hole, the needleorifice is provided with a hollow needle, the blood inlet is connected with the hose, the suction orifice is communicated with the blind shaft hole, and the blind shaft hole is provided with an axially-limited rotating shaft valve; in an initial position, a rotating shaft unit and the blind shaft hole are matched in a sealed mode and block the blood inlet, the needle orifice, the suction orificeand the air hole; in an air suction position, a first through hole is communicated with the suction orifice and the needle orifice; in a blood drainage position, a second through hole is communicatedwith the blood inlet and the needle orifice; in a drip-proof position, a third through hole is communicated with the needle orifice and the air hole. Therefore, the temporary negative pressure blood sampling device solves the problem of blood dripping during a blood sampling process and still avoids blood dripping after a detector completes blood sampling and takes down the blood sampling needle.Besides, the invention also provides a fully-automatic blood sampling instrument comprising the temporary negative pressure blood sampling device.