The invention provides a fire extinguishing bomb fast mounting and dropping device of an unmanned aerial vehicle. The electromagnet principle is adopted for carrying out mounting and reliable dropping. According to the technical scheme of the fire extinguishing bomb fast mounting and dropping device of the unmanned aerial vehicle, a lifting lug and an electromagnet are included; the lifting lug ismounted on tail wings of fire extinguishing bombs and provided with a first opening; and the electromagnet is mounted on the outer side of a lower plate, an empty groove allowing the lifting lug to stretch out is further formed in the lower plate, and the electromagnet is used for being embedded into or separated from the first opening.