The invention discloses an insulation protection system based on multi-sensor fusion and used for a substation equipment electrified water washing robot. The insulation protection system comprises a control system and a sensor set. The sensor set collects the inclination angle of the substation equipment electrified water washing robot, the wind speed, and the rotating angle and pitching angle ofa water gun. The control system is used for calibrating an insulator in fusion with the working parameters collected by various sensors in the sensor set, correcting the calibration result in combination with the inclination angle of the robot, determining the position and state of the substation equipment electrified water washing robot relative to the insulator, and regulating and controlling the height and displacement of the substation equipment electrified water washing robot, so that the robot automatically completes washing operation on the basis of guaranteeing insulation protection.