The invention discloses a damping device, an instrument mounting table capable of damping and adjusting a viewing angle and an instrument. The damping device comprises at least one movable magnetic ring; a fixed magnetic ring coaxial with the movable magnetic ring sleeves the outer periphery of the movable magnetic ring; and when the movable magnetic ring is positioned in an inner circle of the fixed magnetic ring, the two buffer mutual vibration force through magnetic attraction force and keep mutual relative positions. The damping device is delicate in design and simple in structure; througharrangement of the fixed magnetic ring and the movable magnetic ring engaged with each other, relative positions can be kept through full use of the magnetic attraction force of the two to achieve asupport effect on pieces to be assembled thereon; and when the damping device is suffered from external vibration force, as the fixed magnetic ring and the movable magnetic ring are not in hard connection, but have a certain elasticity, the impact from external vibration can be buffered through relative displacement of the two, better damping effect is achieved, the application range is wide, andthe application is flexible.