The invention specifically relates to a safety protection system with high safety and a good protection effect and a protection method for an active protective grade crossing. The protection system comprises a main transmission platform built on both sides of a rail, wherein the lower surface of the rail is connected with a vibration power generation type sleeper; vertical hollow protective upright posts are arranged in lanes on both sides of the rail respectively, worms are arranged in the protective upright posts and meshed with worm wheels, and the outer side face of a worm wheel rotating shaft is connected with a protective rod; when a train travels over the rail at the grade crossing, a vibrating plate is driven to vibrate in a reciprocating manner in the vertical direction, and induced current is generated in a power generation coil; when the protective rod on one side of the rail is lowered, even though there is still a car in the rail, the protective rod on the other side is also lowered after the car leaves the grade crossing, so that the safety is high; and if the car breaks down at the grade crossing, the main transmission platform will move the breakdown car out of therail, thereby effectively ensuring the passage of the train and effectively avoiding collision between the car and the train.