The invention relates to the field of water purification equipment, and in particular discloses a filter element cleaning and replacing device. A replacing mechanism and a filter mechanism are arranged in the device. When the filter layer closest to a filter barrel wall reaches the filter limit, the replacing mechanism can push the filter layer out, and the filter mechanism can move the residual filter layers to the side close to the filter barrel wall at the same time so as to fully use the filter layers which do not reach the filter limit, so that the filter layers are replaced. In the replacing process, a plugging block at the replacing groove needs to be moved away in the replacing process, and an ejector rod is pushed, so that the filter element is replaced quickly and conveniently.