The invention provides a testing model for simulating underground engineering construction. The testing model comprises a hollow system framework, an electronic monitoring module for monitoring a caveentrance of a digging structure and stress in rock-soil mass, a rock-soil mass model for simulating urban underground actual rock-soil conditions, loading modules for applying pressure to the rock-soil mass and a digging module for simulating digging of tunnels and/or underground pipe galleries, wherein the rock-soil mass model is arranged on one side of the bottom part of the system framework; the digging module is arranged on the system framework; a drilling bit of the digging module is arranged on the opposite side of the rock-soil mass model; the loading modules applying the pressure to the rock-soil mass model are arranged on the top part and the two sides of the system framework. The testing module disclosed by the invention has the advantages of high modularization and mechanization, can be flexibly used and repeatedly used, can realize simulation of urban comprehensive underground pipe galleries and subway tunnels or simultaneous and crossed digging construction, and can complete a plurality of experimental contents that properties such as on-the-way influence and mutual influence are actually proved.