The invention discloses a model predictive current control method for a permanent magnet synchronous motor system. The method comprises the steps that according to a mathematical model of the permanent magnet synchronous motor system, an incremental prediction model based on two different moments is introduced, and the parametric sensitivities of the resistance and inductance of the incremental prediction model are analyzed; according to the parametric sensitivities of the resistance and inductance of the incremental prediction model, a d-axis parameter perturbation observer of a permanent magnet synchronous motor is built, and parameter perturbation of the current existing in the permanent magnet synchronous motor is observed in real time; the observed parameter perturbation of the current serves as input, a perturbation controller is built, and the perturbation controller calculates the parameter perturbation of the current, so that the error of the inductance parameter in the incremental prediction model is obtained; the calculated error of the inductance parameter is substituted into the mathematical model of the permanent magnet synchronous motor system, and the inductance parameter in the incremental prediction model is updated on line in real time. By means of the control method, the influence of parameter perturbation on the control performance can be effectively eliminated.