The invention relates to a dry type reactor turn-to-turn fault protection device and identification method. The dry type reactor turn-to-turn fault protection device comprises a signal acquisition module which is connected with the secondary port of the voltage transformer and the current transformer of a dry type reactor, an AD conversion module which is connected with the signal acquisition module and a signal analysis and processing module which is connected with the AD conversion module. The signal analysis and processing module is connected with a turn-to-turn short circuit fault identification module. The turn-to-turn short circuit fault identification module is connected with switch actuation through a protection actuation module. The dry type reactor turn-to-turn fault protection device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, fast response speed and high monitoring precision, and the fault can be discovered in time and quickly removed in case of reactor turn-to-turn short circuit so as to prevent spreading of the fault.