The invention discloses a risk-aware nuclear facility reliability evaluating system and method. The system comprises the following six parts: a probabilistic safety target setting module, an expert judgment module, a reliability data managing module, a probabilistic risk evaluating model constructing module, a reliability index assigning module and a system risk evaluating module. According to thesystem disclosed by the invention, through setting and adjusting probabilistic safety targets of nuclear facilities and combining with probabilistic risk evaluating models and current reliability data and industrial manufacturing levels of the nuclear facilities and expert experience, the targets are assigned to the reliability parameters of different parts of the nuclear facilities so as to setreliability indexes for the different parts of the nuclear facilities; and on the basis of the information, the reliability requirements for the nuclear facility parts are provided, technical bases for the design, operation and maintenance schemes of the nuclear facilities are provided and index requirements for the manufacture of the nuclear facilities are provided. The system disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that aiming at the safety levels of the nuclear facilities, the requirements for improving the reliability of different parts of the nuclear facilities can be accurately and reasonably provided and the safety levels of the nuclear facilities are increased.