The present invention relates to an image fractal interpolation method for optimizing a particle swarm. The method comprises the following steps: 1) extracting a feature quantity from a to-be-interpolated image L(x, y); 2) performing fractal interpolation on the to-be-interpolated image; and 3) optimizing the interpolation parameter. The particle swarm-fractal method used in the present inventionhas high optimization and self-adaptability, and can perform an interpolation operation according to the feature of the image, the interpolation accuracy can completely satisfy the following image decomposition requirements, and the interpolation efficiency can also meet the real-time requirements of subsequent image decomposition; and thus, the image interpolation method based on the optimized particle swarm fractal can obtain good interpolation results, and also has good exploration value for the development of related theories and technologies.