The invention provides a rapid dewatering device for papermaking. The device comprises a press roller driven by a first driving device, a water suction roller driven by a first pneumatic device, and asteering roller driven by a second driving device, wherein the outer layer of the press roller is provided with a stainless steel layer; the outer layer of the water suction roller is provided with awater absorption layer, a water collection cavity is arranged inside the water suction roller, and the water collection cavity communicates with the water absorption layer through water collection holes and communicates with a negative pressure machine through a negative pressure pipe; and an air chamber is arranged inside the steering roller, air holes are arranged in the surface of the steeringroller, the air holes communicate with the air chamber, and the air chamber communicates with a blower outside the steering roller. The device has the advantages that paper can be separated from thepress roller with a high rate of safety, and the dewatering speed and efficiency are relatively higher.