The invention discloses a pre-embedded-type foundation column base anchor bolt structure and further discloses a mounting method of the pre-embedded-type foundation column base anchor bolt structure.The pre-embedded-type foundation column base anchor bolt structure comprises a positioning support, an anchor bolt, a concrete layer and a column base. The positioning support is fixed to the ground,and the anchor bolt is arranged above the positioning support. The bottom edge of the anchor bolt is fixed to the ground as well, and the column base is arranged above the anchor bolt. The concrete layer is laid outside the anchor bolt structure. According to the pre-embedded-type foundation column base anchor bolt structure and the mounting method, anchor bolt multi-point supporting is adopted, the occupied area of a foundation is increased through the oblique column base, and the stability of an ancient tower is improved; and a plurality of protruding shafts for fixing are arranged on the column base, thus the ground holding force of the foundation column base is increased, and the safe property of the ancient tower is improved.