The invention discloses a transformer operation state prediction method based on a long short term memory network. The transformer operation state prediction method comprises the steps that (1) historical information related to the transformer operation state is acquired; (2) the historical operation state of the transformer is assessed based on the historical information; (3) a transformer operation state prediction model based on the long short term memory network is constructed; (4) the transformer operation state prediction model is trained based on the historical information and the historical operation state; and (5) the operation state of the transformer in the future is predicted based on the historical information through the transformer operation state prediction model. Besides,the invention also discloses a corresponding system. The operation state of the transformer in the future can be effectively predicted; the potential threat of the transformer can be perceived in timeand the fault development trend of the transformer can be mastered by prediction of the transformer operation state; and the method and the system have important meaning for enhancing the equipment operation safety and reliability.