The invention discloses a nuclear power plant region emergency evacuation system based on mobile positioning and radiation monitoring data. The system mainly comprises a radiation monitoring module, aradiation field reconstruction module, a communication module, a personnel positioning module and a data center. By use of the system, through the radiation monitoring module, a monitoring point radiation dosage value is obtained, the three-dimensional distribution of a nuclear power plant region radiation field is obtained by calculation according to the monitoring point radiation dosage value,personnel positions in the nuclear power plant region are obtained through the personnel positioning module, and a nuclear power plant region emergency evacuation scheme under a nuclear accident situation is established so as to assist the nuclear power plant in doing emergency work well. The system can be used for public emergency evacuation in the nuclear power plant region and a location nuclear emergency planning region, and supports the off-site emergency management and decision of a nuclear accident. Compared with a traditional nuclear emergency evacuation system, the nuclear power plantregion emergency evacuation system disclosed by the invention can more accurately position the positions of personnel to be evacuated and the radiation field distribution of the region where the personnel are positioned, accurate evacuation according to known dosages is realized, and therefore, the established emergency evacuation strategy is more scientific.