The invention discloses a fault line parameter calculation method based on single-phase ground fault record data. The method comprises steps that S1, fault data is acquired, a single-phase ground fault of a line MN occurs, and current and voltage sampling values on both sides of a transmission line are acquired through a fault record device or a relay protection device; S2, a low-pass filter withthe cut-off frequency of 100 Hz is utilized to filter the acquired current and voltage sampling values to remove high-frequency components; S3, the non-fault phase-to-phase line current and voltage onboth sides of the line are calculated; S4, the zero-mode current and the zero-mode voltage on both sides of the line are calculated; S5, fault line parameters are calculated. The method is advantagedin that the fault line parameter calculation problem is solved.