The invention discloses an olefin polymerization precatalyst composition. The olefin polymerization precatalyst composition comprises a titanium-containing component, a magnesium-containing componentand an oxadione-containing internal electron donor compound having a structure represented by formula (I). The compound of the formula (I) contains an ester group and an ether linkage, so when the composition is used in a propylene polymerization reaction, a catalyst has a high activity, obtained polymer has high stereoregularity, and the use amount of the electron donor is significantly reduced,thereby the composition has application advantages in the field of olefin polymerization catalysts. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the precatalyst composition, and an olefin polymerization catalyst composition including the precatalyst composition.