The invention discloses a low-carbon alkane dehydrogenation catalyst with highly-dispersed multi-element active components. The active components of the catalyst are not single precious metal and arecompounded by multiple metals, wherein three active components are Cu, Ir and Pt; the fourth active component is one or more of Rh, Pd, Ag and Au. The total content of the precious metal in the catalyst is not higher than 0.30 weight percent. By controlling the mole ratio of all the active components in the catalyst and using the preparation method for obtaining the catalyst with the highly-dispersed active components by drying, roasting and chlorination treatment under anaerobic conditions, the catalyst disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the loading amount of the precious metal can be effectively reduced and the cost of the catalyst is reduced; in addition, the catalyst has better dehydrogenation activity, slower inactivation and longer service life.