The invention discloses a preparation method of alcohol-soluble quaternary amine type or tertiary amine type anion exchange resin. The preparation method of the alcohol-soluble quaternary amine type or tertiary amine type anion exchange resin comprises the following steps: taking a linear poly(styrene-ethylene) alternating copolymer as a raw material, completely dissolving the linear poly(styrene-ethylene) alternating copolymer into halogenated hydrocarbon, then adding an industrial chloromethyl ether solution dissolved with a catalyst, and carrying out homogeneous-phase chloromethylation reaction; then enabling a reaction product to pass through a stainless steel high-pressure nozzle; extruding the reaction product into water which contains a dispersing agent and sodium hydroxide; rapidlydispersing into a suspension system by using a stirring paddle with a cutting function; carrying out reduced pressure distillation to recycle the halogenated hydrocarbon; after filtering and drying the suspension particles, washing the suspension particles with water thoroughly, and adding an organic amines aqueous solution to react; filtering and drying residual reaction liquid, adding diluted hydrochloric acid to neutralize, filtering and drying, and then washing for multiple times by using deionized water; and finally filtering and drying, and blowing and drying the solid particles to obtain an alcohol-soluble quaternary amine type or tertiary amine type anion exchange resin product. Quaternary amine or tertiary amine groups in the product prepared by the method are distributed uniformly, and can be completely dissolved in low-toxicity organic alcohol.