The invention relates to a three-dimensional porous carbon material, a three-dimensional porous nitrogen-doped carbon material, and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation methodof the three-dimensional porous carbon material comprises the following steps: (1) uniformly dispersing p-phenylenediamine and terephthalaldehyde in an organic solvent, and performing hydrothermal reaction at 60 to 150 DEG C for 1 to 15 hours, so as to obtain a precursor of an organic carbon source; (2) placing the obtained precursor of the organic carbon source into an atmosphere containing a gas phase carbon source and protective gas, and performing thermal treatment at 600 to 1,000 DEG C for 0.5 to 6 hours, so as to obtain the three-dimensional porous carbon material. The aperture of the obtained three-dimensional porous carbon material is mainly distributed within a micro-pore range, and the three-dimensional porous carbon material is large in specific surface area and high in conductivity, and is a proper material for a supercapacitor.