The invention discloses an anti-explosion anti-shock steel deck pavement structure, and belongs to the technical field of bridge construction works. The structure comprises an orthotropic steel deck plate, an Eliminator waterproof adhesive layer, a Kevlar laminated sheet, an adhesive layer, a steel fiber concrete anti-explosion layer and an asphalt concrete wearing layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top. A welding stud-rubber flexible combination connector is welded on the upper surface of the orthotropic steel deck plate, and reinforcing meshes are arranged inside the steelfiber concrete anti-explosion layer. The integrity of the pavement structure is enhanced by the flexible combination connector, shear stiffness is reduced, the stress state of the steel fiber concreteanti-explosion layer is improved, applicability of the deck pavement structure is improved, the reinforcing meshes, the steel fiber concrete anti-explosion layer and the Kevlar laminated sheet form aprotection structure of the deck pavement structure, and the anti-explosion and anti-shock performances of the steel deck plate and an internal structure thereof are effectively improved.